This means that there was no experimental procedure, so no variables are manipulated by the researcher.

This design was based on observations that take place in different groups at one time. The research design was Cross-Sectional Research. The aims of our project were to study the association between OCD and academic outcome. Our target population was in secondary school students in Tapah which were Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tapah and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Buyong Adil. We use Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale to measure the severity of obsessive compulsive disorder. There were several themes of OCD symptoms which were checking, symmetry, contamination, repeating, hoarding, cleaning or washing, and counting. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was defined by recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images or urges (obsessions) and repetitive behaviour or mental acts. Implications for educators, authors/publishers, and researchers are provided. They engage in positive social relationships and are included in integrated settings. Generally, characters with DD are portrayed positively and realistically, but many remain static throughout the stories. Results indicated that most characters portrayed have ASD (80%) and the majority are male (65%). Data were analyzed regarding personal portrayal, social interactions, and exemplary practices. All books considered were eligible for the 2018 Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award. Using descriptive analyses, we evaluated 38 books written for children and adolescents (11 picture books, 17 chapter books) for their portrayals of characters with developmental disabilities, comparing the portrayals against those published in three previous studies.

As many children first encounter individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) through characters in children's literature, these individuals must be depicted authentically.

Passing for normal by Amy S. Wilensky